Unit 3 Counselling theory Carla Martin "It is that the individual has within himself or herself vast resources for self-understanding, for altering his or her self-concept, attitudes and self-directed behaviour - and that these resources can be tapped if only a definable climate of facilitative psychological attitudes can be counselling theory essay Words | 7 Pages. Unit 2: Introduction to Counselling Skills Theories Theory Essay Written Introduction In this essay I will describe key elements of Psychodynamic theory, Person-Centred theory and Cognitive-Behavioural theory. I will also identify the key differences between the above theories Jan 12, · In this essay I will describe key elements of Psychodynamic theory, Person-Centred theory and Cognitive-Behavioural theory. I will also identify the key differences between the above theories. I shall also describe how counselling theory underpins the use of counselling skills in practise. I will then end with my conclusion
Counselling Theory Essay - Words | AntiEssays
The three core theories to be considered here are Humanistic, counselling theory essay, Psychodynamic and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. Firstly I will begin by looking counselling theory essay the theory behind each of the main concepts. I will begin with the Humanistic Approach. Person-centred therapy is a non-scientific concept, developed by Carl Rogers. Rogers believed that we are all born with the ability to gain self-actualisation and have an organismic self.
Rogers called this the adapted self. Rogers believed that in order for a client to reach self-actualisation there must be three core conditions; empathy, unconditional positive regard and genuineness. Rogers believed the self-concept was split into three sections, self-worth thoughts of our selfself-image how we view our body imageand the ideal self counselling theory essay we would like to be.
Rogers saw the client as the expert and thus encouraged them to seek fulfilment for themselves, by taking charge of their actions and feelings, counselling theory essay. He used counselling tools such as reflecting, paraphrasing and summarising to encourage the client to talk about their issues.
These techniques emphasised the 3 core conditions and encouraged the client to accept who they are and reconnect with their true selves, counselling theory essay, stepping away from their adapted self. On the other hand the psychodynamic approach is a medical concept based upon the subconscious mind and was the first form of counselling dating back to the 20th century.
The main leader in this theory is Sigmund Freud In his opinion the feelings and memories were repressed and festered in the subconscious mind which consequently affected the current behaviour and thoughts of the client.
He placed great emphasis on sexuality being the key to a healthy personality. He created the 5 Pyscho-sexual stages of development whereby adulthood is determined by a person successfully reaching each stage; this would then lead to a healthy personality as an adult.
Freud saw the human personality being split into three components, the conscious, the preconscious and the subconscious Nelson-Jones,p He also saw the mind being split into the ego, the superego and id.
The relationships with significant others such as parent are very important to the later functioning ego. Freud believed that neurotic disorders are thought to stem from problematic relationships with parents.
At the time that these occur a specific stage of the Pyscho-sexual development is unresolved and results in sexual conflict. Defence mechanisms such as denial, suppression, reaction formation and regression can then be used to cope with the anxiety formed by the fight between the impulsive desires of the id and moral judgements of the superego.
These defence mechanisms offer protection for the individual from the painful thoughts and feelings keeping them from awareness. Winnicott,pp. This shows a similarity between the two theories as they both show how those who step away from their real self or true selves and live in the adapted self or false selves, can often become depressed and un-fulfilled in their lives.
It joins the theories of both Cognitive therapy and behavioural. He realised that by working on these internal dialogues and making them positive it could effectively lead to positive changes in the behaviour of the clients.
It helps to increase self-awareness, introduce better understanding and improve self-control by developing appropriate responses to negative feelings. Like Person-centred therapy CBT aims to help the client to experience and express feelings at the time they occur, rather than dwelling on them later on. If a person did not know the reason behind their fears and behaviours they would not be able to live fulfilled lives and would remain unhappy, counselling theory essay.
In Psychodynamic therapy the counsellor is seen as a key focus of the therapy. The role of the counsellor in Psychodynamic therapy is to act as a blank slate on which the client can project their feelings onto. In contrast, Person-Centred therapy sees the human being as a trustworthy and capable individual, who counselling theory essay born counselling theory essay the self-actualising tendencies to determine their own future and to reach full potential when an accepting environment is provided.
In contrast to the Psychodynamic approach, in Person-Centred therapy the role of the counsellor is to offer a congruent and trusting environment where it is the personal process of the client to be in a warm relationship with the counsellor. Therefore, it is evident that the Person-Centred approach is much more optimistic than the Psychodynamic approach. Freud believed that the instincts from the Id, ego and superego caused the client to become motivated to change.
Whereas, in contrast, Rogers believed it were the self-actualising tendencies of each client which motivated them to change and develop.
The id and the organismic self both represent the repressed part of the mind. It is from these areas that anxiety and emotional difficulties can occur, counselling theory essay. We can also see similarities between the ego and the self-actualising tendency as both are concerned with mediating between the id and the super-ego. The actualising tendency seems to echo this. In my opinion, Psychodynamic therapy fails to identify the power the individual has to change if a caring and safe environment is available.
Cognitive behavioural therapy is similar to person-centred as it too has an optimistic view of the client. Both Person-Centred therapy and CBT focuses on the here and now and both see the client as having the ability to change and lead a life of fulfilment regardless of their past experiences. However, in comparison, a CBT counsellor may form an alliance with the client to set specific goals.
The relationship between the client and the counsellor is one that relies on team work whereby the counsellor points out the behaviours that need changing and works with the client in counselling theory essay to adapt them.
When looking at the techniques of each therapy, a contrast between CBT and Person-centred is that it is a more directive form of counselling. The counsellor also gives homework to encourage progression. CBT therapists also use Cognitive Case Formulation. This CBT therapeutic tool is used as a guide in successfully treating the client. It looks at the vicious circle of Negative Automatic Thoughts NATs and the dysfunctional behaviours and emotions that develop from them.
It can also be used to look at any assumptions or core beliefs the client may have. It is thought that these assumptions arise out of core beliefs or schemas, such as being told you are no good in the early years.
These assumptions could lead to the client avoiding certain situations and in turn could cause a poor, counselling theory essay, depressive quality of life, counselling theory essay.
This would then reinforce the assumptions. However, this counselling theory essay is not carried out in all therapies. Rp He believed it leads to inequality between the counsellor and the client. A CBT therapist would use the case formulation to guide and structure the course of therapy. It enables problems to be counselling theory essay in a useful way, counselling theory essay. B,p In Person-Centred therapy questioning is rarely used. It is believed that if the 3 core conditions are in place there will be no need for questions as they may be seen as intrusive and a client may only give the answer they believe the counsellor wishes to hear.
When looking at CBT and the Psychodynamic approach comparisons can be made between the different techniques that are used. Psychodynamic therapy offers key therapeutic interventions such as free association, dream analysis, interpretation of transference and hypnosis. CBT uses reinforcement techniques, counselling theory essay, reality testing and the identifying of negative automatic thoughts NATS.
CBT can be seen as goal orientated and does not look at the clients past, rather it looks at the here and now. Counselling theory essay recognises that change is possible and focuses on behaviour rather than the emotions. If a person has suffered conflict in their early years or been neglected or subjected to conditions of worth, as seen in Person-Centred therapy, these schemas counselling theory essay influence behaviours in adulthood.
It is the job of the CBT counsellor to try and adapt these negative automatic thoughts NATS through counselling theory essay assignments that involved examining assumptions and testing beliefs. In Person-Centred therapy the therapeutic interventions include; the use of the 3 Core Conditions, immediacy, paraphrasing, summarising, counselling theory essay, reflecting and other active listening strategies.
The skill of immediacy in Person-centred counselling can be compared to the technique of transference in the Psychodynamic approach. However, immediacy in Person-Centred therapy is used to invite the client to look at what is going on between them in the relationship. Immediacy is a direct and immediate response from the counsellor. Whereas transference in Psychodynamic therapy is a long and drawn out process that Psychodynamic therapists believe is central to helping the client to change and develop.
In CBT and Psychodynamic theory the three core theories of empathy, genuineness and unconditional positive are evident but, unlike Person-Centred, are not seen as essential to the personal growth of the client. it aims to make the unconscious, conscious. CBT simply attempts to alleviate the issues quickly. We can also see differences in the time-scales of these two therapies.
Psychodynamic therapists argue that in order for a client to be treated and to gain lasting change a lengthier, more in depth process is required, counselling theory essay. However, Counselling theory essay therapists believe that the shorter process of CBT is equally as successful, counselling theory essay. In conclusion, regardless of the differences between the three counselling theory essay theories it is evident that each has a mutual aim, which is to reduce symptoms of stress by creating a trusting and caring environment for the client to heal and develop.
Which therapy will work best is completely dependent on the type of client. Free Essays Topics Essay Checker Hire Writer Login. Free essay samples Examples Three Core Theories of Counselling. Three Core Theories of Counselling 8 August Hire verified writer.
Three Core Theories of Counselling Essay Example. How to cite Three Core Theories of Counselling essay Choose cite format: APA MLA Harvard Chicago ASA IEEE AMA, counselling theory essay. Three Core Theories of Counselling.
Related Essays. Core Concepts and Theory in the Transpersonal… Cyp core 3. A limited time offer! Save Time On Research and Writing, counselling theory essay. Get My Paper. Popular Topics employment coca cola of mice and men cricket arranged counselling theory essay childhood dieting fahrenheit civilization hiphop.
Counselling Theories Compared and Contrasted
, time: 8:46Three Core Theories of Counselling Free Essay Sample
Unit 3 Counselling theory Carla Martin "It is that the individual has within himself or herself vast resources for self-understanding, for altering his or her self-concept, attitudes and self-directed behaviour - and that these resources can be tapped if only a definable climate of facilitative psychological attitudes can be counselling theory essay Words | 7 Pages. Unit 2: Introduction to Counselling Skills Theories Theory Essay Written Introduction In this essay I will describe key elements of Psychodynamic theory, Person-Centred theory and Cognitive-Behavioural theory. I will also identify the key differences between the above theories Jan 12, · In this essay I will describe key elements of Psychodynamic theory, Person-Centred theory and Cognitive-Behavioural theory. I will also identify the key differences between the above theories. I shall also describe how counselling theory underpins the use of counselling skills in practise. I will then end with my conclusion
No comments:
Post a Comment