Jan 24, · Student at NVCC public speaking. I personally think a speech that has a logical base with an emotional appeal. An audience can connect better with someones emotions but it must have logic behind it so it can be a good argument or speech. If the audience just hears a speech with ethos it can become boring and hard to connect to. In my essay Outlines are designed to evolve throughout your speech preparation process, so this section will discuss how you progress from a working outline to a full-sentence outline and, finally, a speaking outline. We will also discuss how using notecards for your speaking outline can be helpful to you as a speaker Jan 29, · Public speaking skills can be a hassle if you are insecure or an introvert. However, a little bit of practice and a confident outlook can help you to be a fantastic public speaker. You should also include the thesis, or main point, of your speech. Like in an essay paper, having a clear thesis that you will back up is a great help. Your
Ethics in Public Speaking: Ethical Speaking | Public Speaking
Persuasive speaking seeks to influence the beliefs, attitudes, values, or behaviors of audience members. In order to persuade, a speaker has to construct arguments that appeal to audience members, public speaking speech essay.
Arguments form around three components: claim, evidence, public speaking speech essay, and warrant. The claim is the statement that will be supported by evidence. Your thesis statement is the overarching claim for your speech, but you will make other claims within the speech to support the larger thesis. Evidencealso called grounds, supports the claim.
The main points of your persuasive speech and the supporting material you include serve as evidence. One warrant for the claim and evidence cited in this example is that the US Department of Transportation is an institution that funds research conducted by credible experts. The quality of your evidence often impacts the strength of your warrant, and some warrants are stronger than others.
In general, the anecdotal evidence from personal experience would be given a weaker warrant than the evidence from the national research report. The same process works in our legal system when a judge evaluates the connection between a claim and evidence. Fingerprint evidence from the steering wheel that has been matched with a suspect is much more likely to warrant arrest. As you put together a persuasive argument, you act as the judge.
You can evaluate arguments that you come across in your research by analyzing the connection the warrant between the claim and the evidence.
If the warrant is strong, you may want to highlight that argument in your speech. You may public speaking speech essay be able to point out a weak warrant in an argument that goes against your position, which you could then include in your speech.
Every argument starts by putting together a claim and evidence, but arguments grow to include many interrelated units. As with any speech, topic selection is important and is influenced by many factors. Good persuasive speech topics are current, controversial, and have important implications for society. Giving the same speech would have been much more timely in the s when there was a huge movement to increase seat-belt use. Many topics that are current are also controversial, which is what gets them attention by the media and citizens.
Current and controversial topics will be more engaging for your audience. However, arguing that the restrictions on blood donation by men who have had sexual relations with men be lifted would be controversial. I must caution here that controversial is not the same as inflammatory. An inflammatory topic is one that evokes strong reactions from an audience for the sake of provoking a reaction.
Being provocative for no good reason or choosing a topic that public speaking speech essay extremist will damage your credibility and prevent you from achieving your speech goals. You should also choose a topic that is important to you and to society as a whole. As we public speaking speech essay already discussed in this book, our voices are powerful, as it is through communication that we participate and make change in society.
Therefore we should take seriously opportunities to use our voices to speak publicly. Choosing a speech topic that has implications for society is probably a better application of your public speaking skills than choosing to persuade the audience that Lebron James is the best basketball player in the world or that Superman is a better hero than Spiderman. Remember that speakers have ethical obligations to the audience and should take the opportunity to speak seriously.
You will also want to choose a topic that connects to your own interests and passions. If you are an education major, it might make more sense to do a persuasive speech about funding for public education than the death penalty. If there are hot-button issues for you that make you get fired up and veins bulge out in your neck, then it may be a good idea to avoid those when speaking in an academic or professional context.
Michael Vadon — Nigel Farage — CC BY-SA 2. Choosing such topics may interfere with your ability to deliver a speech in a competent and ethical manner. Most people tune out speakers they perceive to be too ideologically entrenched and write them off as extremists or zealots. You also want to ensure that your topic is actually persuasive. Also, think of your main points as reasons to support your thesis. Identifying arguments that counter your thesis is also a good exercise to help ensure your topic is persuasive.
If you can clearly and easily identify a competing thesis statement and supporting reasons, public speaking speech essay, then your topic and approach are arguable. Review of Tips for Choosing a Persuasive Speech Topic.
Public speaking speech essay speakers should consider their audience throughout the speech-making process. Given that persuasive messages seek to directly influence the audience in some way, audience adaptation becomes even more public speaking speech essay. If possible, poll your audience to find out their orientation toward your thesis, public speaking speech essay.
It is unlikely that you will have a homogenous audience, meaning that there will probably be some who agree, some who disagree, and some who are neutral. So you may employ all of the following strategies, in varying degrees, in your persuasive speech. When you have audience members who already agree with your proposition, you should focus on intensifying their agreement.
You can also assume that they have foundational background knowledge of the topic, which means you can take the time to inform them about lesser-known aspects of a topic or cause to further reinforce their agreement. Rather than move these audience members from disagreement public speaking speech essay agreement, you can focus on moving them from agreement to action. There are two main reasons audience members may be neutral in regards to your topic: 1 they are public speaking speech essay about the topic or 2 they do not think the topic affects them, public speaking speech essay.
In this case, you should focus on instilling a concern for the topic. Uninformed audiences may need background information before they can decide if they agree or disagree with your proposition. Remember that concrete and proxemic supporting materials will help an audience find relevance in a topic. Students who pick narrow or unfamiliar topics will have to work harder to persuade their audience, but neutral audiences often provide the most chance of achieving your speech goal since even a small change may move them into agreement.
When audience members disagree with your proposition, you should focus on changing their minds. To effectively persuade, you must be seen as a credible speaker. When facing a disagreeable audience, the goal should also be small change. Aside from establishing your credibility, you should also establish common ground with an audience.
Build common ground with disagreeable audiences and acknowledge areas of disagreement. Chris-Havard Berge — Shaking Hands — CC BY-NC 2. Acknowledging areas of disagreement and logically refuting counterarguments in your speech is also a way to approach persuading an audience in disagreement, as it shows that you public speaking speech essay open-minded enough to engage with other perspectives. The proposition of your speech is the overall direction of the content and how that relates to the speech goal.
A persuasive speech will fall primarily into one of three categories: propositions of fact, value, or policy, public speaking speech essay. A speech may have elements of any of the three propositions, but you can usually determine the overall proposition of a speech from the specific purpose and thesis statements.
Since most persuasive speech topics can be approached as propositions of fact, value, or policy, it is a good idea to start thinking about what kind of proposition you want to make, as it will influence how you go about your research and writing. As you can see in the following example using the topic of global warming, the type of proposition changes the types of supporting materials you would need:, public speaking speech essay.
To support propositions of fact, you would want to present a logical argument based on objective facts that can then be used to build persuasive arguments. Persuasive speeches about policy usually require you to research existing and previous laws or procedures and determine if any relevant legislation or propositions are currently being considered.
The traditional view of rhetoric that started in ancient Greece and still informs much of our views on persuasion today has been critiqued for containing Western and masculine biases. Traditional persuasion has been linked to Western and masculine values of domination, competition, and change, which have been critiqued as coercive and violent Gearhart, Communication scholars proposed an alternative to traditional persuasive rhetoric in the form of invitational rhetoric.
Instead, invitational rhetoric proposes a model of reaching consensus through dialogue. Safety, value, and freedom are three important parts of invitational rhetoric. Safety involves a feeling of security in which audience members and speakers feel like their public speaking speech essay and contributions will not be denigrated. Value refers to the notion that each person in a communication encounter is worthy of recognition and that people are willing to step outside their own perspectives to better understand others.
Last, freedom is present in communication when communicators do not limit the thinking or decisions of others, allowing all participants to speak up Bone et al.
Instead, it acknowledges that some persuasion is violent and that the connection between persuasion and violence is worth exploring. Invitational rhetoric has the potential to contribute to the civility of communication in our society. When we are civil, we are capable of engaging with and appreciating different perspectives while still understanding our own. We have already discussed several patterns for organizing your speech, but some organization strategies are specific to persuasive speaking.
Some persuasive speech topics lend themselves to a topical organization pattern, which breaks the larger topic up into logical divisions. These concepts can be connected when organizing a persuasive speech topically. Primacy means putting your strongest information first public speaking speech essay is based on the idea that audience members put more weight on what they hear first.
This strategy can be especially useful when addressing an audience that disagrees with your proposition, as you can try to win them over early. Recency means putting your strongest information last to leave a powerful impression.
This can be useful when you are building to a climax in your speech, public speaking speech essay, specifically if you include a call to action. Celestine Chua — The Change — CC BY 2. The problem-solution pattern is an organizational pattern that advocates for a particular approach to solve a problem. You would provide evidence to show that a problem exists and then propose a solution with additional evidence or reasoning to justify the course of action.
One main point addressing the problem and one main point addressing the solution may be sufficient, but you are not limited to two. You could add a main point between the problem and solution that outlines public speaking speech essay solutions that have failed. The pattern is more fitting for persuasive speeches when the relationship between the cause and effect is controversial or unclear. There are several ways to use causes and effects to structure a speech. You could have a two-point speech that argues from cause to effect or from effect to cause.
You could also have more than one cause that lead to the same effect or a single cause that leads to multiple effects. The following are some examples of thesis statements that correspond to various organizational patterns. As you can see, the same general topic area, public speaking speech essay, prison overcrowding, is used for each example.
This illustrates the importance of considering your organizational options early in the speech-making process, since the pattern you choose will influence your researching and writing.
How to write a perfect speech - BBC Ideas
, time: 4:20Four Types of Speeches | Fundamentals of Public Speaking
Outlines are designed to evolve throughout your speech preparation process, so this section will discuss how you progress from a working outline to a full-sentence outline and, finally, a speaking outline. We will also discuss how using notecards for your speaking outline can be helpful to you as a speaker Public Speaking and Presentations: Tips for Success. This resource includes tips and suggestions for improving your public speaking skills. Even if you’ve never spoken in front of a large group before, chances are you will encounter public speaking sometime during your life Jan 29, · Public speaking skills can be a hassle if you are insecure or an introvert. However, a little bit of practice and a confident outlook can help you to be a fantastic public speaker. You should also include the thesis, or main point, of your speech. Like in an essay paper, having a clear thesis that you will back up is a great help. Your
No comments:
Post a Comment